A Flash is a device that is used in photography to create an instant flash. A photographer may want to use a flash because there might not be any natural light and if there is no light then the picture will not come out. The speed of an average flash is 1/1000 or 1/2000 of a second. A lower quality flash is usually built right onto the camera and a higher quality one is one that can be mounted wither on the camera or on a stand.
In professional studios, flashes are usually so big (meaning they are good quality as well) and must be mounted on a standalone stand. These flash units are powered by either a special battery or connected directly to the electrical outlet.
To manipulate the flash photographers use an umbrella. There are two different colors, a black umbrella with a silver inside to reflect the light and then there is a white umbrella that is used to create a soft light leaving a soft shadow or none at all. There are some downfalls to using a flash. There is a high chance of red eye. There is even a chance that the person in the picture will close their eyes depending on the magnitude of the light.
In this photo the photographer used the flash to freeze the water and capture each little drop.
There are more photos with the use of lighting on the website cited: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_(photography)
Light Meter
A light meter is used in photography to measure the amount of light. The knowledge of the amount of light is useful because a photographer can then find out what the proper Aperture to use. Usually a light meter also includes a computer letting the photographer know what shutter speed to use and what aperture to use. A light meter is used with illumination by calculating how much time the subject of the picture should be illuminated to get the best effect.
This is an old version of a light meter giving the aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.
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